Umbhobho weBoiler

Umbhobho weBoilerngumbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo owenzelwe ngokukodwa-ubushushu obuphezulu kunye{1}}noxinzelelo lwenkonzo.Cr–Mo low{0}}intsimbi yealloyiyenzelwe-ubushushu/ophezulu{1}}inkonzo yoxinzelelo, apho amandla okurhubuluza kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation kulawula ukuthembeka komjikelo wobomi. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuthenga "umbhobho webhoyila" kukwibakala-eliqhutywa (umzekelo, i-P11/P22/P91), kuba uyilo lwe-alloyi + nonyango lobushushu lumisela{10}}ixesha elide lokusebenza phantsi komphunga kunye nomsebenzi wolwelo olushushu.

Ngokudibanisa i-chromium (Cr) kunye ne-molybdenum (Mo) kwintsimbi, le mibhobho inikezela ngamandla abalaseleyo-obushushu obuphezulu, ukuxhathisa kokurhubuluza, ukunganyangeki kwe-oxidation, kunye nokumelana nokuhlwa. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokuphatha umphunga, ulwelo olushushu, kunye nemithombo yeendaba eyonakalisayo, enje ngeebhoyila zeplanti yamandla, izifudumezi zepetrochemical, izitshintshi zobushushu, kunye nemibhobho yoxinzelelo.
Ngeminyaka yamava okubonelela ngeprojekthi yehlabathi, i-Octal Pipe ivelisa kwaye ihambisa imibhobho yebhoyili ngokuthobela ngokupheleleyo imigangatho ye-ASTM, ASME, DIN, EN. Amabanga agubungela i-P1–P92 kunye ne-P122, eqinisekisa izisombululo zayo yonke into ukusuka kwiibhoyila eziqhelekileyo ukuya kwiiyunithi ezikumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu-ze-supercritical.

• ASTM A335 / ASME SA335: Imibhobho yensimbi engenamthungo yeFerritic yenkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu-
• I-ASTM A213 / ASME SA213: Imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo yebhoyila kunye nezicelo zeheater
• I-DIN EN 10216-2: Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo ngeenjongo zoxinzelelo

AmaBanga aqhelekileyo kunye nezicelo:

• P1, P2– Amabanga asezantsi{0}}engxubevange yenkonzo yobushushu obuphakathi
• P11, P12, P22-Isetyenziswa kakhulu kumandla kunye nepetrochemical ephezulu{0}}kwimigca yomphunga wobushushu
• P5, P9, P21–Ukomelezwa kokumelana nomhlwa kwindawo ezifuna iikhemikhali
• P91, P92, P122-Amabanga aphezulu aphezulu-okusebenza okuphezulu-iibhoyila ezigqithisileyo ezinobomi obude benkonzo kunye namandla aphezulu

Iinkcukacha zoMbhobho weBoiler (ubungakanani, iShedyuli, iziphelo kunye novavanyo)

Kumaxwebhu eprojekthi,"inqanaba le-boiler tube steel"ihlala ibhekisa kuI-ASTM A213amabakala ityhubhu, ngelixa"umbhobho weboiler"iimbekiselo eziqhelekileyoI-ASTM A335amanqanaba emibhobho. I-A213 igquma ialloy kwibhoyila engenamthungo/iheater/ubushushu{2}}iityhubhu zotshintshiselwano, kunye ne-A335 igquma ialloy engenamthungo yeferritic{4}}umbhobho wentsimbi wenkonzo{5}}yobushushu obuphezulu{6}}iintsapho zezinto ezinxulumeneyo, kodwa zichazwe ngokwahlukileyo kwii-BOM kunye neepakethe zokuhlola.

Ukuthintela ukubhideka kwebakala ekuthengeni nasekukhululweni kwezinto, sebenzisa le migaqo isebenzayo:

Umthetho 1 - Lungelelanisa igama lebakala kuhlobo lwento:bhalaT-amabangangenxa A213 ityhubhu izinto kunyeP-amabangakwizinto ze-A335 zemibhobho. Oku kuthintela "izinto ezichanekileyo, isatifikethi esingalunganga" ukugatywa ngexesha lokuphononongwa kwe-EPC.

Umthetho 2 - Sebenzisa -izingqinisiso ezinqamlezileyo kuphela njengesikhokelo, hayi enye indawo:iiprojekthi eziqhelekileyo zibonwaP11 ↔ T11kwayeP22 ↔ T22njengosapho lwenkonzo efanayo (umbhobho vs ukutyunjwa kwetyhubhu), kodwa iPO kusafuneka ibize umgangatho ochanekileyo kunye nefom yemveliso.

Umthetho 3 - Sukudibanisa ityhubhu engenamthungo vs iimfuno zombhobho ongenamthungo:Izinto ze-tube ze-A213 zihlala zibotshelelwa kwimithetho ye-heater / ye-boiler yokwenziwa kwekhoyili kunye neemfuneko ezingqongqo zomphezulu / iimfuno ze-ID, ngelixa izinto ze-A335 zemibhobho zihlala zijolise kumda woxinzelelo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwekhowudi yombhobho.

Umthetho 4 - ukhetho loHlelo lumalunga nexesha elide-nobushushu obuphezulu{2}}amandla obushushu:aphezulu-amabanga arhubuluzayo anjeP91/P92zidla ngokukhankanywa xa uyilo lufuna amandla angcono exesha elide-kwiqondo lobushushu eliphakamileyo, hayi nje "isivuno esikhulu." Qinisekisa ibakala elichanekileyo kunye nemeko yonyango lokushisa olufunwa yikhowudi / i-spec.

Umthetho 5 - Caphula iphakheji yokuhlolwa/yonyango lobushushu, hayi ibakala kuphela:kwiiphakheji zezinto zebhoyila, abathengi bahlala befuna ukucacaimeko yonyango lobushushukwayeNDT umda(ngeprojekthi nganye ye-ITP) kuba ezi zichaphazela ngqo ukwamkelwa kwinkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu-.

Umthetho 6 - Ukuba uluhlu lwezixhobo luthi "umbhobho," ungafaki "umbhobho" (kunye nokunye):nokuba imilinganiselo ibonakala ifana, indlela esemgangathweni/yesiqinisekiso yahlukile kwaye inokubangela ukungathotyelwa ekufumaneni.

Ingcebiso ngokuthengwa:Xa uthumela i-RFQs, quka amagama ento yomgca kanye njengoko ebonakala kuluhlu lwezixhobo (umz., "ASTM A213 T22 ityhubhu yebhoyila" okanye "ASTM A335 P22 kwibhoyila umbhobho"), uze wongeze i-OD×WT, ubude, kunye namaxwebhu afunekayo{6}}le yeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokuphepha isiqinisekiso esingafanelekanga ekukhululweni kwezinto.

• Amandla aphezulu obushushu obukhethekileyo{0}}Enkosi kwi-Cr{0}}Mo yokuqinisa i-alloy, iMibhobho yeBoiler inokugcina amandla azinzileyo kunye nobungqongqo kwi-600℃nangaphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukuthotywa kwe-thermal. Oku kuqinisekisa ukusebenza-ixesha elide, elikhuselekileyo, nelizinzileyo phantsi{4}}noxinzelelo lomphunga kunye nenkonzo yolwelo olushushu.
• Ukumelana neCreep kunye noBomi beNkonzo eyandisiweyoUkuguqulwa kwePlastiki (ukukhasa) phantsi kwexesha elide-lobushushu obuphezulu kunye{1}}nemeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu yindlela eqhelekileyo yokusilela. IChrome-Imibhobho ye-Moly, enemilinganiselo ephuculweyo ye-Cr{{4}Mo kunye nonyango lobushushu, ibonisa ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo, ivumela amashumi amawaka eeyure zenkonzo eqhubekayo ngaphandle kokungazinzi komda. Oku kunciphisa ukuvalwa okungacwangciswanga kunye neendleko zokugcina.
• I-Oxidation ePhakamileyo kunye ne-Corrosion Resistance Chromium (Cr)yenza i-dense oxide oxide layer, ukunciphisa i-oxidation kwi-steam kunye negesi eshushu; I-Molybdenum (Mo) yongeza ukuxhathisa ngokuchasene nesalfure- kunye neklorin-equlethe imidiya. Oku kuvumela imibhobho ukuba ifezekise ubomi obude benkonzo kwiindawo ezinzima ezifana neebhoyila zamandla, izifudumezi zokucoca, kunye nee-reactors zekhemikhali.
• UkuWeldability okugqwesileyo kunye neFabrication iyahambelanangewelding ezenzekelayo, kwi{0}}indawo yokuwelda, kunye neendlela ezininzi zokuzalisa, uqinisekisa ukuba amalungu omelele kunye nesiphene{1}}asimahla. Ngokusebenza kakuhle (ukugoba, ukusika, ukubethelwa), le mibhobho ilungelelaniswa kakhulu noyilo lwenkqubo entsonkothileyo kunye nezixhobo{3}}ezobunjineli.
• Uluhlu olubanzi lweBanga kunye neMigangatho yaMazwe ngaMazwe ukusuka kwi-P1/P2izisombululo zoqoqosho kwi-P91/P92 eqhubela phambili ixesha elide{2}}ukhetho lobomi, amabakala angakhethwa ngokusekelwe kubushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nodidi oluphakathi, ukulinganisa ukusebenza kunye neendleko. Iqinisekiswe ngokupheleleyo kwi-ASTM, ASME, EN, DIN, ezi mveliso zamkelwe ngokukhawuleza kwiiprojekthi zehlabathi.
• Iindleko zoMjikelo woBomi oLungileyoNangona utyalo-mali lokuqala luphezulu kunekhabhoni yentsimbi, iChrome-Imibhobho ye-Moly Boiler inikezela ubomi obude benkonzo, imijikelo yokulungisa embalwa, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo, okukhokelela kwixabiso eliphantsi lilonke lobunini (TCO). Zifaneleke ngokukodwa ukuveliswa kwamandla, ukucokisa, kunye namashishini amandla apho ixesha kunye nokuthembeka kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukusebenza okuphezulu kweChrome{0}}Imibhobho yeBoiler yeMoly ivela kuyilo lwealloyi.

• I-Chromium (Cr)ibonelela nge-oxidation kunye nokumelana nomhlwa
• I-Molybdenum (Mo)iphucula{0}}amandla obushushu aphezulu kunye nokuxhathisa kokurhubuluza
• ICarbon (C), iManganese (Mn), kunye neSilicon (Si)zilawulwa ngokungqongqo
• Landela izinto(V, Nb, N, njl.) kumabanga aphezulu (P91, P92) yomeleza ukuqina kunye namandla exesha elide{3}}

Amaxabiso enziwe ngekhemikhali aneenkcukacha ayafumaneka kwitheyibhile engezantsi.

Ukusebenza koomatshini kubalulekile-kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye{1}}noxinzelelo oluphezulu.

• Tensile strengthiqinisekisa ukuba imibhobho imelana nokuqhekeka phantsi koxinzelelo kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo
• Unikeze Amandlainikeza imida yokhuseleko olwaneleyo phantsi koxinzelelo oluzinzileyo
• {0}}ukusebenza okuphezuluamabanga afana neP91/P92 anika amandla aphezulu kakhulu kunye nonyamezelo kuneP11/P22 eqhelekileyo, ukwandisa amaxesha okuhlola nokuphucula ukufumaneka kwenkqubo.

Jonga kwitheyibhile engezantsi ngedatha yepropathi yoomatshini.

Ukugqunywa kombhobho webhoyila kuqhele ukufakelwaUbushushu-nolawulo lwelahleko kunye nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi, kodwa inokwazisa umngcipheko omkhulu wokuthembeka ukuba umswakama uvunyelwe ukuba ungene kwaye uhlale uvaleleke. Kwizityalo ezininzi,ibhokisi yombhobho webhoyilaibhekisele kwiibhokisi/ukulaxa umbhobho ngokugquma kunye nebhatyi yentsimbi (isigqubuthelo)ukukhusela inkqubo yokugquma ngexesha lokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa. Intengo "yenza{1}}okanye{2}}ikhefu" inkcukacha ayibobunzima bokugquma kuphela-buulawulo lokungena kwamanzi + ukukhupha/ukukhupha umoya, kuba ukufuma okubanjwe kungaqhubai-corrosion under insulation (CUI)kumphezulu wombhobho wangaphandle, uhlala ungabonwa de ucime.

Ukwenza eli candelo lisebenze ngakumbi, nanga amanqaku aphambili adla ngokuchazwa kwiiprojekthi zokwenyani:

• Chaza injongo yokugquma kunye nemvulophu yobushushu:ubukhulu kunye nempahla zikhethwa kubushushu bokusebenza kunye nobushushu{0}}kujoliswe kuko kwelahleko, kodwa nokuba umgca ubonaukukhwela ibhayisekile(qalisa/ukumisa) empompa ukufuma ngokusebenzisa amalungu.
• Cacisa inkqubo yejacketing, hayi "i-insulation" kuphela:imathiriyeli (i-aluminiyam/i-stainless/galvanized), ubukhulu, kunye nendlela i-seams/overlaps eyenziwe ngayo; ukudityaniswa okungalunganga kuba ziindawo zokungena emanzini.
• Iinkcukacha zolawulo lokungena kwamanzi (ezona ziziphosileyo):zifuna imithungo yelongitudinal etywiniweyo, iziphelo ezivaliweyo apho kufanelekileyo, kunye nemithetho ecacileyo malunga nokungena (izixhasi, iimpompo zezixhobo, izibiyeli).
• Ukukhupha ifilosofi / ukukhupha umoya:cacisa apho amanzi anokuthi abaleke-indawo ephantsi{1}}imisele{1}ephantsi, imingxuma yokulila, okanye izithuba zokuphuma{2}}kuba inkqubo "evalwe ngokugqibeleleyo" kubomi bokwenyani ikholisa ukuba yintoumgibe wamanziemva komonakalo.
• Iindawo ezibalulekileyo zokukhwaza ngokucacileyo:izixhaso zemibhobho kunye neziqhoboshi, iingqiniba/iintloko, iindawo ezisezantsi, kunye neendawo zokuyeka{0}ezi ziindawo ezixhaphakileyo ze-CUI kuba zibamba ukufuma kwaye zigxile kuxinzelelo.
• I-CUI yokwazisa ngebhendi yobushushu bomngcipheko:imigca esebenza kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwengozi ye-CUI (ehlala ishushu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ihlale imanzi kodwa ingabi shushu ngokwaneleyo ukuba yome ngokukhawuleza) idla ngokufuna uqeqesho olungqongqo lwejacket kunye nofikelelo olucwangcisiweyo lokuhlola.
• Ukuhlola{0}}ibhokisi yamanqindi:funaamacandelo asusekayookanye iifestile zokuhlola kwindawo{0}}ezinomngcipheko ophezulu ukuze umnini aqinisekise imeko yangaphandle ngaphandle kokuvala-kucime konke ngexesha lokucima.
• Ukulungiswa komphezulu kunye nokugquma phantsi kwe-insulation:ukuba iprojekthi isebenzisa i-coating phantsi kwe-insulation, cacisa uhlobo lokugquma kunye nesiseko sokulungiselela umgangatho; Ukufakwa kwe-insulation akuthathi indawo yokukhusela umhlwa.
• Igatya lokwenyani lolondolozo:Iquka indlela yokwamkelwa yokulungiswa komonakalo webhatyi, kuba izibonda/iinyembezi ziqhelekile kwaye ziba ngabaqalisi bexesha elide-lokuvuza ukuba abalungiswanga ngokukhawuleza.

• Ibhoyila/HRSG ephezulu{0}}imibhalo engasentla yobushushu kunye nespools zoqhagamshelo:

Kwi-HRSG nakwiziqithi zebhoyila, iiheader kunye noqhagamshelo lwe-spool lusebenza ngobushushu obuphezulu obuzinzileyo, kunye nokungcangcazela kunye ne-thermal gradients. Umsebenzi wasentsimini usoloko ubandakanya ukucinywa kweefestile aphongena{0}}ukuchaneka kunye nenkqubo ye-weldthatha isigqibo sokuba ishedyuli iyasibamba na. I-OD/WT engaguqukiyo kunye nobushushu obuchanekileyo{1}}imeko yonyango lungundoqo kulawulo lokuthenga.

• Isifudumezisi esikhulu/sombhobho ophumayo kufuphi neziko (utyhileko lwendawo ekhanyayo):

Imibhobho ekufutshane neziko inyusa ubushushu bentsimbi, ukukala kwe-oxidation, kunye nokufudumeza okungalinganiyo. Inyaniso yendawo yemisebenzi yeyokuba ukugquma kunye nejacketing zihlala zisuswa kwaye ziphinde zifakwe ngexesha lokulungiswa, ngoko ke ukulawulai-oxidation yangaphandle kunye nomngcipheko we-CUIyinxalenye yomjikelo wobomi, hayi nje into yokuqala ekhethiweyo.

• Umbhobho wokukhupha isifudumezisi esibaselweyo kunye nemibhobho yokuhambisa ioyile eshushu:

Ezi nkqubo zisebenza kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu ixesha elide, kunye nobushushu obudlulayo ngexesha lokujika kunye nokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo. Imiba eqhelekileyo yendawo yokusebenzela ibandakanya i-flange/ukulinganisa{1}uxinzelelo olusuka ekukhuleni kwe-thermal kunye nomonakalo wokugquma okhokelela kumhlwa wangaphandle. Izixhobo zebhoyila yealloyi zisetyenziselwa ukugcina amandla kwiqondo lobushushu kunye nokunciphisa ukulungiswa okungacwangciswanga.

• {0}Uxinzelelo lwenkqubo yombhobho ophakamileyo kunye neenkqubo zoxinzelelo eziqhagamshelweyo (izikhululo zevalvu / iqhina lereactor{1}}ins):

Kwiyunithi{{0} zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, imibhobho ejikeleze i-reactors, izicinezeli, kunye nezikhululo zevalvu ibona imithwalo yoomatshini evela kwizixhaso, ukungcangcazela, kunye nofikelelo lolondolozo rhoqo. Ukuthengwa kwempahla ngokuqhelekileyo kugxininisaubungqina obubhaliweyo bovavanyo, ukulandeleka, kunye nolawulo lwe-weldability kuba nayiphi na irekhodi elahlekileyo inokulibazisa ukuthunyelwa.

Qhagamshelana ngoku

FAQ

 

 

Umbuzo: Ziziphi iinkcukacha zemibhobho yebhoyila?

A:Inkcazo yombhobho we-boiler kufuneka ichazwe njengeOD × ubukhulu bodonga × ubude × ibakala × umgangatho olawulayo, kunye nohlobo lokuphela (BE / PE / T & C) kunye nomthamo wokukhutshwa ofunekayo (unyango lokushisa / NDT / hydrotest ukuba ikhona). Uluhlu lonikezelo oluqhelekileyo kweli phepha liqweqweOD 10.3-1422 mm, I-WT Ngaphantsi okanye ilingana ne-150 mm, kwaye6 m / 12 m / 20FT / 40FT (ukuya kwi-18 m).

Umbuzo: Yintoni imathiriyeli yombhobho webhoyila?

A:Izinto zombhobho we-boiler ngokuqhelekileyoIChrome-iMoly (Cr{1}}Mo) intsimbi yentsimbi engenamthungongenkonzo-yobushushu/phezulu{1}}noxinzelelo oluphezulu, aphoamandla okurhubuluza kunye nokumelana ne-oxidationqhuba ukuthembeka komjikelo wobomi; amabakala aqhelekileyo aqukaI-ASTM A335 P1–P92 (kunye ne-P122)kuxhomekeke kumsebenzi.

Q: Ibanga lemathiriyeli yetyhubhu yebhoyila / ibakala lensimbi yebhoyila - yahluke njani kwibakala lombhobho webhoyila?

A:"Inqanaba le-boiler yentsimbi ye-boiler" libhekisela ngokuqhelekileyoAmanqanaba e-ASTM A213 T-(ityhubhu), ngelixa ukubhoyila imibhobho rhoqoASTM A335 P-amabanga (umbhobho); zinokuba ziintsapho ezifanayo zealloyi (umz.,P11↔T11, P22↔T22) kodwa kufuneka ihambelane nohlobo lwento ye-BOM ukunqanda ukungafani kwesatifikethi ekukhululweni.

Umbuzo: Umbhobho webhoyila ovuzayo ngaphandle - ngowuphi owona nobangela uxhaphakileyo kwaye ungawunqanda njani?

A:"Ukuvuza ngaphandle" kwimigca eshushu idla ngokunxulunyaniswa nayoi-corrosion under insulation (CUI)okubangelwa ukungena kwamanzi kunye nomswakama obanjwe phantsi kwe-insulation / boxing; uthintelo luchaza iinkcukacha zebhatyi yeulawulo lwamanzi + ukukhupha/ukukhupha umoyakunye nokugcina ufikelelo lokuhlola kwiindawo ezixhasayo/ezisezantsi endaweni yokuphatha ukugquma njengengcinga eyahlukileyo.

Iziqinisekiso

 

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Iifayile ezishisayo: umbhobho webhoyila, abavelisi bebhoyila baseTshayina, ababoneleli, umzi-mveliso