I-ASTM A312 iNkcazelo yombhobho wentsimbi engatyiwa- UMbhobho we-OCTAL

Ububanzi kunye neeMeko apho i-A312 ingena khona

I-ASTM A312 igquma umbhobho ongenamthungo, odityanisiweyo, kunye nokubanda kakhulu{1}}osetyenziweyo wentsimbi engatyiwayo ye-austenitic ukwenzela ukugqwala kunye nenkonzo yobushushu obuphakamileyo kuzo zonke iikhemikhali zokusetyenzwa, ukucokiswa, ukukhutshwa kwetyuwa, kunye nokulinganisela{3}}kwezinto eziluncedo zezityalo; ubushushu -umtshintshisi/ityhubhu yebhoyila endaweni iwela phantsi kwe-A213/A269, imigca yococeko phantsi kwe-A270, kunye nemilinganiselo ngokuqhelekileyo ilandela ASME B36.19M (Sch 5S/10S/40S/80S); kwi-chloride{14}}imithombo yeendaba okanye eneoksijini, amanzi olwandle{15}}iisekethe zokupholisa ezikufuphi, kunye neeprojekthi zokuphinda zibeke phambili ucoceko kunye nexesha, iinketho zebakala le-A312 kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu kunceda kakhulu.

Amabanga Owafumanayo ngokwenene

Uninzi lweeodolo zokuthenga zigxile kusapho oluncinci lwamabanga. Ukumakishwa kabini-njenge304/304Lokanye316/316Lyenza lula i-welding kufuphi ne-HAZ ngelixa igcina iithagethi zamandla kwi-stock line efanayo.

Itheyibhile 1 - Amabanga aqhelekileyo e-A312 kunye nokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo

IBanga (TP)	Kutheni kukhethwe	izicelo ezimele
304 / 304L / 304H	Ukuhambelana okubanzi kweekhemikhali ngexabiso elikhuphisanayo	Inkqubo jikelele, umphunga oluncedo/amanzi
316 / 316L / 316H	Mo{0}}izala; umngxuma ophezulu/ukumelana nokuqhekeka	Ukusondela kwamanzi olwandle, ikloridi{0}}iinkqubo zokuthwala
321 / 321H	Ti{0}}zinzisiwe ukulawula uvakalelo kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu	Inkonzo eshushu ene-welding kunye ne-thermal cycling
347 / 347H	Nb-izinzisiwe; ifestile yozinziso ebanzi	Imibhobho yeziko/yebhoyila apho kulindelwe ibhayisekile
310S / 309S*	I-Cr/Ni ephakanyisiweyo; i-oxidation / ukuxhathisa isikali	I-oxidizing igesi eshushu, i-ducting, i-joint joints
904L*	I-Ni/Mo/Cu ephezulu ye-chloride enobundlobongela/inkonzo yeasidi	Ikloridi eqatha okanye{0}umsebenzi oxutyiweyo weasidi

* Ukufumaneka kunye noqoqosho kuyahluka ngokwengingqi kunye nendlela yokusila.

ASTM A312

IKhemistri kunye neePropati zeBaseline

Sebenzisa la manani ukuvavanya kwangoko; iimfuno zokugqibela kufuneka zilandele ii-ASTM/ASME zamva nje kunye neenkcukacha zomthengi.

Itheyibhile 2 - Ikhemistri ebonisayo (wt.%)

IBanga	C (ubukhulu / H uluhlu)	Cr	Ni	Mo	Isizinzi (uchwethezo.)
304(L/H)	0.03 / 0.04–0.10	18–20	8–11	-	-
316(L/H)	0.03 / 0.04–0.10	16–18	10–14	2.0–3.0	-
321(H)	0.08 / 0.04–0.10	17–19	9–13	-	Ti ≈ 5×C ukuya Ngaphantsi okanye ilingana no-0.7%
347(H)	0.08 / 0.04–0.10	17–19	9–13	-	Nb+Ta ≈ 10×C–1.0%

Itheyibhile 3 - Ubuncinane begumbi{1}}lobushushu bobushushu

Usapho / ibakala	I-tensile min	Isivuno min	Elongation min
304/304L/316L	≈ 515 MPa	≈ 205 MPa	≈ 35%
321/347 (ibandakanya H)	≈ 515 MPa	≈ 205 MPa	≈ 30–35%
310S/309S	≈ 515 MPa	≈ 205 MPa	≈ 30%

Ubalo loyilo luxhomekeke kwiuxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo vs. ubushushukwiikhowudi ezisebenzayo kunegumbi{0}}lamanani obushushu kuphela.

Imilinganiselo, iiShedyuli, kunye noLungiselelo lwesiphelo - Yintoni echaphazela ukwenziwa

Ubungakanani bombhobho budla ngokulandelaASME B36.19M. Ukukhetha5S/10S/40S/80SIishedyuli kufuneka zilinganise uxinzelelo, isibonelelo sokutya, kunye nokufikelela kwi-welding. Ngobuchule bokwakha, iiprojekthi ezininzi zikhetha ukusikwa{1}}ukuya{2}}kwiziqwenga zobude ukunciphisa iiwelds endle. Isiphelo solungiselelo silungelelaniswa nendibaniselwano: ithafa okanye isikwere{4}}ukusikwa kwe-orbital kunye nomsebenzi wesocket, beveled for i-butt welds. Xa i-orbital welding okanye uvavanyo olubalulekileyo lokuvuza lucwangcisiwe, i-OD eqinile kunye nokunyamezela kodonga kunceda ukunciphisa ukulungelelaniswa{6}}ukusasazeka. Iinketho zomphezulu zibandakanya ukuchongwa/okugqithisiweyo okanyeqaqambile-i-annealed (BA); Iiprojekthi ezinococeko olungqongqo okanye uburhabaxa obuphantsi kwi-ID kufuneka zichaze zombini ukugqiba kunye neemetrics zokwamkelwa.

Ayinamthungo kwaye iWelded Ngaphantsi 312 - Indlela Amaqela Agqiba Ngayo Ngokuziqhelanisa

Zombini iindlela ze-A312 kwaye zinokuziphatha ngokulinganayo kwinkonzo xa unyango lobushushu kunye ne-NDE zichazwe ngokuchanekileyo. I-Welded (ERW/EFW) inikezela ngesakhono kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kwi-NPS enkulu kunye nokuhamba ixesha elide, i-seams enikezelweyo isisisombululo ngokupheleleyo -i-annealed kwaye idluliswa. I-Seamless ihlala ikhethwa apho uxinzelelo oludlulayo, ukugoba okuqinileyo, okanye i-spools enzima ifuna ukomelela okongeziweyo. Uluhlu lwedatha kufuneka luchaze ukuba yeyiphi indlela eyamkelekileyo kwaye yeyiphi isiqinisekiso esingqina ukulingana kumsebenzi ocetywayo.

astm a312 stainless steel pipe with protective end caps-octal pipe a312 tp316l stainless steel pipe packed for shipment-octal pipe

Ukwenziwa, ukuNyangwa koBubushushu, kunye neMfezeko yoMphezulu

Iinkqubo eziyimpumelelo ze-A312 ziqala evenkileni kunakwinkonzo. Umbhobho we-Austenitic stainless kufuneka uyishiye imveliso kwisisombululo esipheleleyo-imeko efakiweyo kwaye ipholiswe ngokukhawuleza ukuze i-chromium carbides inyibilike kwaye iyunifomu ye-austenitic matrix ibuyiselwe. Apho umbhobho odityanisiweyo usetyenzisiwe, imithungo iziswa kwisisombululo esifanayo{4}}kwimeko edibeneyo; inxenye okanye i-anneals yasekhaya iyatyhafiswa ngenxa yokuba ishiya i-microstructures exubeneyo kunye nempendulo ye-corrosion engalinganiyo.

Ukunyaniseka komphezulu kulawulwa njengolandelelwano: ukuyila, ukucocwa, ukudlula, kunye nokuqinisekisa. I-tint yobushushu, i-iron efakelweyo, kunye neentsalela zekloridi zezona zinto zintathu zixhaphakileyo ezibangela ukuthotywa kwangaphambi kwexesha. Ukuba kukho nakuphi na ukujika kombala okushiyekileyo emva kwe-welding, yisuse ngoomatshini kwaye emva koko ubuyisele ifilimu yokwenziwa ngonyango lwekhemikhali njengoko kuchaziwe kwinkcazo yeprojekthi (abanikazi abaninzi bereferensi yezenzo zoshishino ezifana ne-ASTM A380/A967). Kwiinkonzo ezifuna i-ID egudileyo kakhulu okanye i-low rouging tendency, imveliso eqaqambileyo-efakwe kwi-annealed (BA) inokuchazwa kunye neendlela zokwamkelwa kokugqiba kwe-ID kunye nokucoceka.

IWeld-umsebenzi omeleneyo uhlala uxhomekeke ngakumbi kuqeqesho lwenkqubo kunokhetho lwebakala. Ukusebenzisa L-amabanga okanye amabanga azinzisiweyo kufutshane ne-welds kunceda ukuxhathisa uvakalelo; -umgangatho ophezulu wokucocwa kwerhasi engasebenziyo kwi-ID kunciphisa i-tint yobushushu kunye nesikali se-oxide; kunye nokucocwa kweposi{4}ngokucokisekileyo kuthintela iisayithi zokuqhekeka. Isixhobo kunye nemidiya kufuneka ingabina-stainless-kuphela{7}ikhabhoni{8}}iibhrashi zentsimbi,ishot, okanye uthuli lokusila zinokululisa iayini simahla ethi kamva ivuse kwaye ijongele phantsi ifilimu yokwenziwa.

Ukucoceka kunye nokugcinwa kuvala i-loop. Chaza ukuba i-ID ihlanjululwe njani, yomiswe, kwaye ikhuselwe, ukuba ii-caps zokugqibela zifakwe njani, kunye nendlela i-bundles ehlanganiswe ngayo ukulawula i-pickup ye-chloride kunye ne-particulate ingress ngexesha lokugcina kunye nokuthunyelwa. Ubungqina obubambekayo obusetiweyo bokunikezelwa bubandakanya iitshati zonyango-zobushushu, iirekhodi ze-passivation, iziphumo ze-ID zococeko, kwaye ukuba kuchaziwe, uburhabaxa okanye{3}}iitshekhi zongcoliseko. Xa olu lawulo lubhalwe kwidatha yedatha kwaye lwenziwa ngokungaguquguqukiyo, imigca ye-A312 edityanisiweyo kunye nengenamthungo iziphatha ngokulinganayo ebaleni kwaye igcine ukuxhathisa umhlwa kwixesha elide.

Uvavanyo kunye neSicwangciso sokuHlola

Kunokuba uhlolisise iimbumbulu, cinga ngokobungqina. Enye into ibonisa ingqibelelo yoxinzelelo (i-hydrostatic okanye uvavanyo lombane olungenakonakala nge-A312 nganye). Enye iqinisekisa udonga kunye nokuqhubekeka kwe-ID (eddy{3}yangoku okanye i-UT ngaphezu kwe-100% ubude kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo). Apho uvakalelo lusemngciphekweni, indlela ye-intergranular corrosion (ASTM A262) yongezwa. I-PMI iqinisekisa i-alloy identity kwi-bundles. Iseti yamaxwebhu ibonelela nge-MTC yokulandeleka ukusuka kubushushu ukuya kwinqwaba, kunye neendlela zokwamkelwa kunye neefomathi zokunika ingxelo ekuvunyelwene ngazo kwi-ITP. Xa umnini ekufuna,-ubungqina bomntu wesithathu (umz.,BV, SGS) inokulungiswa.

I-odolo yoLwazi - Imimandla ekuza kuHlaliswa kuyo kwiDatasheet

Itheyibhile 4 - imihlaba yeDatha kunye namangeno aqhelekileyo

Intsimi	Ungeniso oluqhelekileyo
Ibanga / ibakala eliphindwe kabini	304/304L, 316/316L, 321/321H, 347/347H; H-ibakala apho kufuneka amandla aphezulu ashushu
Ubungakanani kunye neshedyuli	I-NPS, ishedyuli (5S/10S/40S/80S), udonga olulinganisiweyo ukuba luyimfuneko
Ubude kunye neziphelo	Sika-ukuya{1}}ubude okanye ngokungakhethiyo; isiphelo sokulungiselela (icacile/isikweri{2}sika/ibeveled)
Indlela yokuvelisa	Ingenamthungo kunye/okanye iwelded yamkelekile; iindlela zokulingana kunye nokugubungela i-NDE
Unyango lobushushu kunye nomphezulu	Isisombululo sesisombululo; i-pickled/passivated okanye iBA; Indlela yococeko ye-ID
NDE kunye nokwamkelwa	Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic okanye lombane; Ukhuseleko lwe-EC/UT; ukwamkelwa kunye nokunika ingxelo
Ukupakishwa kunye nococeko	Ii-caps zokuphela, ukoma, imida ye-chloride, ukukhuselwa kwe-ID
Uxwebhu kunye nokulandeleka	Iinkcukacha ze-MTC (EN 10204), umda we-PMI, ukumakisha/ukufakwa kwebhakhowudi
Iqela lesithathu {0} lokubandakanyeka	Ukungqina/ukuhlola umda xa uchazwe ngumnini

Inkxaso yeProjekthi

Iiprojekthi ezakhiwe ngeenxa zonkeI-ASTM A312 intsimbi engenanto, Umbhobho we-Octalunikezelo 304/304L, 316/316L, 321/321H, 347/347H kunye namanqaku akhethiweyo akhethekileyo anesisombululo{8}}izinto ezigqityiweyo, ukukhetha/ukupasa, ukusika{9}}ukuya{10}}kubude benkonzo kunye namaxwebhu alungelelaniswe nee-ITP zeprojekthi. Uhlolo oluzimeleyo lweqela lesithathu{12} lungalungiselelwa ngokwesicelo.

FAQ

I-Q1: Yintoni i-ASTM A312 (ASME SA312) ipayipi yensimbi engenasici esetyenziselwa yona?
A1:Ngumbhobho wentsimbi eqinileyo ye austenitic yobushushu obuphezulu-kunye nemibhobho yenkonzo edlekayo.

Q2: Ndikhetha njani phakathi kwe-TP304/304L kunye ne-TP316/316L ye-ASTM A312 pipe?
A2:Khetha i-304/304L yokubola ngokubanzi; khetha i-316 / 316L ye-pitting engcono / ukuxhathisa ukukrazula kwiikloridi.

Q3: Kufuneka ndicele ntoni ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wombhobho we-ASTM A312 ngaphambi kokuthenga?
A3:Cela i-MTC/ukulandeleka, i-hydrotest okanye iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-NDE, i-PMI, kunye naluphi na uvavanyo lokutya oluchaziweyo (umzekelo, i-ASTM A262) kunye ne-dimensional/finish checks.

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