Uninzi lolibaziseko lokugunyazisa aluveli kwimibhobho yokuqhuba ngokuthe ngqo. Zisuka kujongano-olunzima ukufakwa{2}}ukulungiswa, ukulungiswa kweweld okuphindaphindiweyo, ibholiti{3}}ukulungiswa kakubi komngxunya, ukuvuza kwehydrotest, kunye namaxwebhu owamkelo angadibaniyo. Uqhagamshelo lombhobho oluthembekileyo kunye nesiphumo sokutywinwa kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezimbini ezisisiseko: ijometri edibeneyo elawulwayo kunye nomthwalo wokutywinwa ophindaphindiweyo.
Iindlela zoQhagamshelwano kunye noLawulo olubalulekileyo
1. Udibaniso lweWelding{1}}yintoni eneneni eqhuba uzinzo?
Idibansi eqinileyo edibeneyo isuka ekudibaneni kuyo yonke isiphelo solungiselelo, ukulingana{0} phezulu, ukusebenza kwewelding, kunye nokuhlolwa. Ebaleni, ukwahluka kwejometri kunye nobushushu-utshintsho lwegalelo zizinto eziye zandiswa.
- Phelisa ukuhambelana kwamalungiselelo
Ukuba i-engile ye-bevel, umhlaba, okanye isiphelo{0}}umgangatho wobuso uyahluka, ukuvuleka kweengcambu kunye nefestile ye-weld iyacutheka. Uphawu oluqhelekileyo ngamazinga okupasa angangqinelaniyo kumgca omnye.
- Lungela-ulawulo nolungelelwaniso
Ukuvulwa kweengcambu, ukungahambelani kwangaphakathi, kunye ne-ovality / concentricity ngqo kuchaphazela ukuxuba kweengcambu kunye neziphumo ze-NDE. -Udonga oluncinci, iOD encinci, kunye{2}}neendibano ezimfutshane zinovakalelo.
- Ubushushu-ifestile yengeniso ehambelana nemathiriyeli kunye nobukhulu
Ukunyuka okuphantsi kakhulu kokungabikho komngcipheko wokudibanisa / wokungena; phezulu kakhulu kwandisa ukugqwetheka kwaye kunokuchaphazela i-flange{0}}imeko yobuso.
- Ukufikeleleka kokuhlolwa kunye nokulungiswa
Ukuba amajoyina axinene kufuphi neenkxaso, iindonga, iivalvu, okanye izixhobo, i-NDE kunye nokufikelela kokulungisa kudla ngokuba ngumqhubi wangempela womngcipheko weshedyuli.
Xa udibaniso oludityanisiweyo lubotshelelwe kwiflange, ukugqwetheka kwe-welding kungashenxisa umba ukusuka kwi-weld{0}}ingxaki yobulunga ukuya kwingxaki yokutywina{1}}ukuvuza kwendawo okubangelwa luxinzelelo olungalinganiyo lwe-gasket.
2. Isokethi/i-welding yefillet{1}kutheni imithetho yendibano ibalulekile kunenkangeleko
Isokethi-iindawo zokudityaniswa zesimbo zihlala zibukeka zintle ngokubonakalayo, kodwa uzinzo luxhomekeke kakhulu kuqheliselo lokudityaniswa oluphindaphindiweyo.
- Ubunzulu bokufaka obuhambelanayo kunye nomsantsa wamagxa
- I-fillet ye-weld geometry ephindaphindwayo, ngakumbi kwiindawo zokufikelela ngokuqinileyo
- Uvakalelo oluphezulu lokudinwa phantsi kwenkonzo yebhayisikile kunye nokungcangcazela
- I-Crevice{0}}ucoceko lwendawo kunye nokuziphatha komhlwa okuhambelana nemeko yenkonzo
3. Uqhagamshelo olunemisonto{1}}ukuthembeka luqeqesho lwendibano
Amalungu anemisonto azinzile kuphela njengomgangatho wendibano emva kwawo.
- Ifomu yomsonto ochanekileyo kunye nothethathethwano olwaneleyo
- Ulawulo lomonakalo kwimigangatho yomsonto
- Uhlobo lwe-sealant oluhambelanayo kunye nendlela yesicelo
- Kuchaziwe ukuqiniswa kwaye-jonga kwakhona ukuziqhelanisa
- Cacisa anti{0}}ingqiqo yokukhulula phantsi kwentshukumo kunye nokuhamba ngebhayisekile eshushu
Yintoni elawula ukusebenza kokutywinwa kweFlange?
Amalungu eFlange aguqulela umgangatho wendibano ngokuthe ngqo kwiziphumo zokutywinwa. Ukutywinwa okuzinzile kufuna izinto ezintathu ukuba zilawulwe kunye: imeko yobuso be-flange, ifestile esebenzayo ye-gasket, kunye nokulayishwa kwangaphambili kwebholiti ephindaphindwayo.
1. Isimo sobuso beFlange
- Ukuphaphatheka/ukuphaphazela kuqhuba ukufana koxinzelelo
- Ukugqitywa komphezulu kuchaphazela ukulunywa kwe-gasket kunye nokubuyisela
- Izibonda, izibonda, kunye nomhlwa ziba ziindlela ezivuzayo
- Ukuphazamiseka kweWelding kunokwenza indawo ngaphezulu/phantsi{0}}noxinzelelo
Uphawu oluqhelekileyo lwasendle kukuvuza okugxininiswe kwicala elinye okanye malunga neebholiti ezimbalwa, hayi nokungena kumjikelo opheleleyo.
2. Ifestile yokusebenza yeGasket
- Phantsi-uxinzelelo lubangela ukuvuza kwangoko
- Uxinzelelo olungaphezulu{0}}lutyumza igasket kwaye yehlise ukuchacha, kaninzi iba mandundu emva kwemijikelo yobushushu
- Iqondo lobushushu kunye nemithombo yeendaba zikhawulezisa ukukhwela / ukuphumla, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo olusebenzayo lwe-gasket ngokuhamba kwexesha
Ukuphucula i-gasket kuphela kunexabiso elilinganiselweyo ukuba imeko yobuso okanye ukuhambelana kokulayisha kwangaphambili ngumqobo wokwenyani.
3. Ukuhambelana kokulayisha kwangaphambili kwebholithi
- Ukulandelelana kokuqinisa okwahlukeneyo kudala uxinzelelo olungalinganiyo lwe-gasket
- Ngaphezulu{0}}ukuqinisa kunokujija ubuso kwaye kunciphise uzinzo lokutywinwa
- Ukuthambisa kunye nokwahluka kokukhuhlana kwenza itorque{0}}ukuba{1}}ilayishe kwangaphambili ingahambelani
- Imijikelo yobushushu kunye nokungcangcazela kunciphisa ukulayishwa kwangaphambili, okukholisa ukukhokelela-ekuvuzeni kobomi kwangoko
Itheyibhile enye: Iindawo zokuKhangela zoKwamkelwa NgeNdlela yoQhagamshelwano
| Indlela yokudibanisa | Amanqaku olawulo lweNdibano | Uphawu lokusilela | Ukwamkelwa / iirekhodi zihlala zijongwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukuwelda | Bevel/end{0}}umgangatho wobuso; ukuvulwa kweengcambu; ukungangqinelani/ulungelelwaniso lwangaphakathi; ulawulo lokugqwesa; NDE ukufikelela | Ukusilela kwe-NDE kunye nokulungiswa; ukuvuza kwe-hydrotest yendawo okubangelwa kukucinezeleka kobuso okungalinganiyo | Iitshekhi ezibonwayo kunye nemilinganiselo; NDT njengoko kufuneka; uvavanyo loxinzelelo/ukuvuza apho kufanelekileyo; iirekhodi ze-weld / NDE ezinokulandeleka |
| Isokethi/ifillet | Ubunzulu bokufaka kunye nomsantsa wamagxa; ijometri yefillet ephindaphindiweyo; weld & nokuhlola ukufikelela | Inkangeleko eyamkelekileyo kodwa ingozi ephezulu yokuvuza/ukudinwa; imiba yendawo yokuqhekeka | Umgaqo weNdibano & iitshekhi isampuli; iirekhodi zokuhlola ezibonakalayo nezifunekayo; iimvavanyo kunye namaxwebhu kwiprojekthi nganye |
| Inentambo | Ifom yomsonto kunye nothethathethwano; ulawulo lomonakalo; ukuhambelana kwe-sealant; Ukuqinisa & {0}jonga kwakhona umthetho | Ukuvuza kwangaphambili okanye ukukhulula ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngakumbi emva kokusebenza kwakhona | Umsonto & ukuhambelana kwesealant; iirekhodi zendibano apho zifuneka khona; iitshekhi ezivuzayo/uvavanyo lweprojekthi nganye |
Umyalelo oSebenzayo kwi{0}}uMyalelo woQinisekiso lweNdawo yeeFlange Joints
Inyathelo 1: Jonga ubuso beflange kuqala
- Umonakalo obonakalayo: ii-nicks, imikrwelo, izibonda, iindawo zokubola
- Iimpawu zoqhagamshelwano olungalinganiyo okanye ukuphazamiseka, ngakumbi emva kwe-welding
- Iipateni zendawo ezivuzayo ezihambelana nemiba yobuso bendawo
Inyathelo lesi-2: Qinisekisa ukufaneleka kwe-gasket kunye nokuziphatha koxinzelelo
- Ilungele imidiya/ubushushu/inkqubo yokucoca
- Ushicilelo olungalinganiyo, ukutyumza kwendawo, okanye ukonakala okungaqhelekanga
- "Qinisa ngakumbi kodwa isavuza" iipateni ezibonisa uxinzelelo olungalinganiyo okanye ukulayisha kwangaphambili okungazinzanga
Inyathelo lesi-3: Qinisekisa ukuphinda ulayishe kwakhona
- Ulandelelwano lokuqinisa oluqhubekayo kunye nokuqiniswa kweqonga
- Ukuthambisa okuhambelanayo kunye nemeko yokukhuhlana
- Ukuqonda imingcipheko yelahleko yokulayishwa kwangaphambili phantsi kwebhayisekile eshushu kunye nokungcangcazela
Apho Ukuphinda Kuqalwe ngokuNgqongileyo
- Ukulungiselela ukugqiba akuhambelani nenkqubo yokuwelda → ijiyometri drift → ukulungiswa kwandiswe
- Lingela-phezulu/ulungelelwaniso alulawulwa → ukungahambelani kwangaphakathi kunye neengcambu ezingazinzanga → ukusilela kweNDE
- Unyamezelo lwespool{0}}phezulu → ibhonti{1}}ukulungelelaniswa komngxunya → unyanzeliso lofakelo loxinzelelo
- Ukugqwetheka kweWelding kuchaphazela ubuso beflange → Uxinzelelo lwegasket olungalinganiyo → ukuvuza kwe-hydrotest yendawo
- Ukuziqhelanisa nokuqinisa kuyahluka ngokwabasebenzi → ukulayisha kwangaphambili ukusasaza → kwangethuba{0}}ukuvuza kobomi
Ukusabela okuqhelekileyo kwetyathanga kunyanzeliswa ulungelelwaniso ukwenza imingxunya ibe ngumgca → ukucinezelwa kwegasket engalinganiyo → ukuvuza ngexesha lovavanyo → ukuqinisa ngakumbi → ukugqwetheka kobuso → ukuvuza okuphindaphindiweyo.
Yintoni ulwamkelo olugxile kuyo
Ngoqhagamshelo lombhobho kunye nokwamkelwa kokutywinwa, ababuyekezi badla ngokujonga izinto ezinokulandeleka, ezinokulinganiswa, nezinokuqinisekiswa:
- Ukulandeleka: ukuchongwa kobushushu/ibhetshi kunye nezatifikethi
- Ujongano-ijometri ebalulekileyo: imeko yesiphelo, ulungelelwaniso, iflange -imeko yobuso, ibholt{2}}ukulungelelaniswa komngxuma
- Ukuhlolwa okufunekayo kunye neerekhodi zovavanyo kwiprojekthi nganye
- Ipakethi yoxwebhu ifakwe kwimaphu engaguqukiyo kuluhlu lojongano
Kunikezelo lweprojekthi ye-Octal Pipe, amacandelo kunye namaxwebhu ahlala elungelelaniswe ngokuchasene noluhlu olunye lojongano ukuze ingqiqo yoqhagamshelwano, indlela yokutywina, kunye neerekhodi zokwamkelwa zihlale zilungelelanisiwe kwaye kulula ukuphicothwa.
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