I-ASTM i-A672 yoMgangatho woMbhobho wamagqabantshintshi

Kwiiprojekthi zemibhobho yoxinzelelo, olu lubalulo luhlala lubonisa apho unikezelo lungekho malunga nokuvelisa umbhobho kuphela, kodwa malunga nokuphumelela uhlolo ngobungqina obupheleleyo,-obulungile bopakisho. I-OD enkulu, udonga olunzima, imida yoxinzelelo olubuthathaka, kunye neendawo zokubamba ezingqongqo zenza izinto ezimbini zigqibe: ingaba umgangatho unokuphinda uveliswe ngokuqhubekayo, kunye nokuba ngaba amaxwebhu angadlula uphononongo ekungenisweni kokuqala.

Olu lwazi lugubungela umbhobho wentsimbi odityanisiweyo oveliswe kuxinzelelo-isitya{1}}sepleyiti esemgangathweni, elungiselelwe{2}}inkonzo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi. Ngokwenyani, isebenza njengesakhelo sonikezelo:

• Isiseko imathiriyeli kufuneka iwe ngaphakathi kweenkqubo zepleyiti ezivunyelweyo, kunye nokulandeleka okugcinwe ekupheleni{0}}ukuya{1}}ekupheleni
• Imveliso kunye ne-welding kufuneka ilawuleke, ihloleke, kwaye irekhodwe
• Imeko yokuhanjiswa, ukuhlolwa, kunye nokudibanisa ukuvavanya kufuneka kuchazwe kwinqanaba lomyalelo wokuthenga

Ukuyiphatha kuphela "njengomgangatho wombhobho odityanisiweyo" uphosa inqaku. Ixabiso layo leprojekthi kukutshixa indlela yokwamkelwa kwiimfuno ezinokufezekiswa.

Amabanga adla ngokubhalwa njengonobumba kunye nenani. Kumsebenzi weprojekthi, eyona nto isebenzayo kukutolika:

• Ileta isetyenziselwa ukuchonga inkqubo yepleyiti okanye uthotho
• Inani lisetyenziswa njengamandla-isiphawuli senqanaba

Yiyo loo nto ukukhetha ibakala kungeyongxoxo yamandla kuphela. Iqinisa isiseko semathiriyeli ukuze unyango lobushushu, umda wokuhlola, kunye nokulandeleka kunokwenziwa phantsi komda omnye ongaguqukiyo. Ukutshintsha kwentsebenzo enkulu phakathi kwamaqashiso kaninzi kubangelwa zizinto ezingacacanga kunye nemida yolwamkelo kunokuwelding kuphela.

Impazamo eyenziwa rhoqo yeprojekthi kukuchaza ibakala ngononophelo ngelixa uphatha iklasi njengeenkcukacha zesibini. Ngokwenyani, udidi luhlala lusebenza njengotshintsho lolwamkelo, ngakumbi phantsi kwe-TPI okanye ukubamba umnini -uphononongo lwenqaku.

Iklasi idla ngokuqhuba izinto ezintathu ezidityanisiweyo:

• Imeko yonyango lobushushu, kubandakanywa nendlela ekufuneka irekhodwe ngayo kwaye ibonakaliswe
• Umda wokuhlola i-Weld, kubandakanywa nokuba i-radiography okanye enye i-NDE iyafuneka kunye nendlela i-coverage echazwe ngayo
• Iimfuno zovavanyo loxinzelelo kunye nokuba iziphumo kufuneka zivele njani kwiphakheji enokuhanjiswa

Xa ibakala lichaziwe kodwa udidi lungalungelelaniniswanga ngokucacileyo, imo yokungaphumeleli eqhelekileyo ayingombhobho awunakuveliswa. Imowudi yokusilela kukungahambelani komda ekuhlolweni: Ukhuselo lwe-RT, iirekhodi zonyango lobushushu, iirekhodi ze-hydrotest, kunye nesakhiwo sedossier ayihambelani noko ilindelwe yiprojekthi.

Kumbhobho woxinzelelo oludityanisiweyo, ukwahluka ngokuqhelekileyo kwandiswa kwiindawo ezimbini: ukusetyenzwa kwepleyiti ephezulu kunye nokuvala- uzinzo lwejiyometri yomgca. La manyathelo anquma ukuba i-welding isebenza ngaphakathi kwefestile ezinzileyo okanye ixhomekeke ekuhlengahlengisweni rhoqo.

Uninzi lwamakhonkco obonelelo luqala kwikhoyili, emva koko luguqulelwe kumacandelo epleyiti acwangcisiweyo ngokucutshungulwa kwesibini:

• Umgangatho kunye nolawulo lokumila ukuzinzisa ukwenza ijometri
• Sika-ukuya{1}}ubude nobubanzi ukuhambelana ukuzinzisa ulungelelwaniso lokuvala
• Edge machining kunye nebevel ukuhambelana ukuzinzisa umsantsa weengcambu kunye-nokuziphatha kakuhle
• Ukususwa kwangoko kweziphene zomphetho kunye ne-burrs ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kokulungisa kamva

Ukuvala-umgca wejiyometri ngumqathango wokuqala wokuwelda okuzinzileyo. Xa ukungahambelani, ulungelelwaniso, kunye nesithuba seengcambu zizinzile, ukumila kwe-weld kuqikelelwa ngakumbi kwaye ukuguquguquka kwe-NDE kuncipha ngokwesiqhelo.

Ulwamkelo lweprojekthi ludla ngokuqhutywa kwiingoma ezimbini ngokufanayo:

Umkhondo womzimba

• Imilinganiselo kunye nesiphelo semeko
• Imeko ye-weld seam kunye nejometri
• Iziphumo zovavanyo ezifunekayo

Umkhondo wobungqina

• Imephu yokulandeleka ukusuka kwipleyiti/ikhoyili/icandelo ukuya kumbhobho ogqityiweyo
• Weld umthungo iirekhodi NDE kunye neengxelo
• Iirekhodi zonyango lobushushu kunye noqhagamshelwano lwebhetshi xa kufanelekile
• Iirekhodi zeHydrotest xa kufanelekile
• Undoqo wesalathiso sengxelo kunye noxwebhu-ukungaguquguquki kwenombolo

Ukulibaziseka okuninzi akubangelwa kukuphosa ingxelo, kodwa kukungahambelani kobubanzi: oko kufunwa ngumyalelo wokuthenga, yintoni eyenziwa yimveliso, kwaye yintoni ingxelo ebonisa ngayo ukuba ayihambelani.

Ukunqanda ukucaciswa okuphindaphindiweyo emva kwexesha kwishedyuli, ii-odolo zokuthenga zihlala zifuna ukutshixa umda wokwamkelwa ngobuncinci:

1. Umgangatho kunye nayo nayiphi na iprojekthi -ichazwe umda woguqulelo
2. Ibanga kunye neklasi
3. I-OD, ubukhulu bodonga, ubude, kunye nomda wokunyamezela
4. Ukugqiba ukugqiba kunye neemfuno ze-bevel
5. Indlela yokuhlola i-Seam, inkcazo ye-coverage, imilinganiselo yokwamkelwa, kunye nemithetho yokulungisa
6. Imfuno ye-Hydrotest kunye nefomathi yerekhodi
7. Imfuneko yonyango lobushushu kunye nefomathi yerekhodi
8. Iimfuno zepakethe yoxwebhu: isalathiso sedosi, imephu yokulandeleka, uluhlu lwengxelo, kunye nefomathi yokungeniswa

Xa la mabala egqityiwe, ukwenziwa kunye nokuhlolwa kunokulandela umda ongaguqukiyo ukusuka kusuku lokuqala. Xa zingaphelelanga, eyona mpembelelo ixhaphakileyo ayikokusilela kwimveliso, kodwa kumaxwebhu kunye nokuhlelwa kwakhona kobubanzi.

Kwiiprojekthi ezingqongqo, ukuhanjiswa kuyimpumelelo yeemveliso ezimbini: umbhobho kunye nedossier. Eyona nto iphambili ayingomthamo wamaxwebhu, kodwa ubume obuzinzileyo kunye nemephu engaguqukiyo.

Ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo lwedosi lwakhiwe malunga neebhloko ezine zolwazi:

• Imaphu yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokulandeleka
• Ukuhlolwa komthungo: Iirekhodi ze-NDE, ukugubungela umda, kunye nokuvalwa kokulungisa
• Unyango lobushushu kunye novavanyo: iirekhodi ezidityaniswe kwibhetshi echanekileyo kunye nento, xa kufanelekile
• Ingxelo yomda: isitshixo{0}idatha yenqaku kunye nokuhambelana kwengxelo

Ukuhanjiswa kwe-Octal Pipe kwiiprojekthi ezifanayo, ukulandelelwa kwemephu, ukuhlolwa komthungo, idatha ephambili yomgangatho, kunye neerekhodi ezifunekayo zonyango/zovavanyo zidla ngokucwangciswa zibe yi-logic yedosier engaguqukiyo, ngoko ke ingxelo nganye ngokuthe ngqo imephu yokumakishwa kwento kunye nolwazi lwebhetshi kunye nokuphonononga iilophu ziyancitshiswa.

Iziqinisekiso

 

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